This is, I believe, a False dilemma. There was never a single, unified Church established by Jesus Christ in his lifetime, nor was there a single organic structure during the first few centuries AD. There is absolutely no evidence of such a theory, and in fact the evidence shows that there were multiple teachings and practices from the very beginning, suggesting diversity as we see today in Christianity. I would recommend the leading scholar in this field, Paul Bradshaw, to those who are interested.