A reactionary victory! (Not really)

[Palerider]

I remember during my internship at Penn State, in an internship class studying various bioengineering materials and techniques, we entered a surgical room where a quadruple bypass was being performed. The guy was opened up, and it was very disturbing to see his ribs spread apart for the doctors to work on his chest. Looked like a butchered cow. Not sure about bypass surgery, but I understand that many valve replacements are done today using endoscopes instead of opening up the chest wall. Better and better.

I made surgical instruments for 20 years before changing professions. Right about the time I got out they came out with an instrument that was designed to go between the ribs during heart surgery in order to cut back on opening up the rib cage area.