Speaking as a Roman Catholic (one branch of the Catholic Church), Papal Infallibility is just one part of how the RC Church views infallibility. We do not have a prophet. The Pope-also called the Bishop of Rome works closely with his Cardinals and Bishops in development of doctrine or teaching. Doctrine is something that cannot be changed-teachings can be changed. Priestly Celibacy is an example of a teaching. Believing that Jesus was born of a virgin is considered a doctrine. Doctrines and teachings generally come out of church councils. In the RC church-we do not have a Quorum of 12, but we do have a College of Cardinals who advise the Pope. Generally doctrines of the RC church come after the College of Cardinals meet in a council with the bishops of the Church--such as Second Vatican Council held during the 60's. After such a council-teachings or doctrines are defined or further clarified. The Pope himself has only once used papal infallibility coming from him directly-and that was in 1950. Papal infallability has only been a doctrine of the RC church since 1870, although the development of such an understanding has much earlier roots Source: Papal infallibility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia