Chilean

If I understand correctly, the authority disagreement includes: 1) the type of authority; 2) what it empowers individuals and groups  to do; 3) how it is conferred and maintained;  and 4) its critical relationship to other aspects of the gospel.
I mention this because we aren't talking about things like scholastic authority, where one' s ardent research, study, and analysis rightly positions them as something of an expert on various subjects.  We LDS freely acknowledge the scholastic authority of many non-LDS across numerous secular and religious fields.
Nor, for that matter, are we talking about things generally granted like the authority to do charitable and loving deeds, or even making such things one's vocation or avocation. We LDS believe that there is an open call to such works, and are pleased to join with other religious denominations, and even non-believers, in doing good..
In other words, we LDS acknowledge your authority to minister as a chaplain unto the souls in prison, and even praise and honor your efforts.
However....well, I will just leave it at that.
Thanks, -Wade Enlgund-

I am no man, but... I agree... I got married when I was 18! (I know, I don't know what I was thinking). Got a divorced 7 1/2 yrs later. and 3 years after that I met my current husband and we are going to get sealed (my first sealing was cancelled) this June 30th!! I am sooo excited!
I love my kids, and thank goodness I have a good relationship with my ex (healing and forgiveness  ) So...  my advice... yes, please, enjoy life as a single person, and get married when you're like over 25, or after you have truly enjoyed being alone, studying, visiting places, making friends. I really enjoyed the time I was divorced, I was single, did what I wanted (always held a temple recommend though), but had no one to ask for permission or explain myself to.
My husband and I always tell our kids, go to school, go on a mission, meet people, date, and theeeeen get married. Don't rush life.

I am definitely no counselor so don’t take my words as professional (which I know you won’t)
When you live faithfully and believe there is a spirit that will whisper words into your heart and mind, it is pretty typical to have moments in you life where you find yourself having thoughts and wondering if it is you or the spirit.
When I find myself in situations like yours where you receive strange promptings, I tend to ask myself if being warned by the spirit of this thing would change decision making or not. Like being prompted that your mother was dead while going to her house. Either way, prompting or no prompting, you are still going to do the same thing... drive to her house. It is these situations where I take those thoughts and throw them out cause they are no good to me.

I was summarizing in my journal what I have learned from re-reading the discussion threat and further meditation.  Here is what I came up with:
First, there are only two possible answers to the question, “Can a mortal person know with absolute certainty that God does not lie?”:  “Yes” or “No”.
“Yes”.  Here is a summary of the best arguments, evidence and testimonies of the “Yes” group:
God is a God of Truth and cannot lie.  (But this just begs the question:  how do you know?  Because the scriptures say so?  This is a circular argument that brings us back to another form of the original question:  How do you know God didn’t lie in some of his recorded revelations?) The Spirit confirmed to my spirit that God does not lie.  (This testimony holds more weight for me but still doesn’t completely convince me because, again, it brings us back full circle to another form of the question: what is to assure us that The Spirit doesn’t lie?  I know this sounds blasphemous and it is not my intent to offend The Spirit but it is a question to consider.  However, perhaps there is a type of spiritual experience or “knowing” that is so direct, clear, unmistakably true (yet indescribable in any mortal form of communication) that it permits no doubt.  While I feel I have had many experiences with The Spirit, nothing of that nature…for me I still am looking through a glass darkly, as I imagine it is the case for the great majority of church members.) Of the individual nature of the Godhood and their individual testimonies.  The fact that the godhead consists of three separate beings means that they can provide independent testimony of The Truth.  The Father bears record of the Son.  The Son of the Father.  And The Spirit of both.  This argument makes sense to me, but I have not have not had such intimate experiences where I can personally distinguish a spiritual communication from The Father vs. The Son vs. The Holy Ghost.  It would seem that any spiritual experience I have had has been through The Spirit.  Also, I see no reason that all 3 could be in agreement to deceive. Living the gospel will lead to a sure knowledge.  “If any man will do his will, he shall know”…I like this argument.  But it seems to me that we can’t arrive at CERTAIN knowledge until after this life.  As long as there is a veil, there is a degree of “cloudiness” and uncertainty. There are other arguments, such as:  If God lied he would cease to be God….but again, how can anyone know or verify that statement.  It seems that any argument or evidence I entertain I keep running into the same problem:  I get to a question that cannot be answered with 100% certainty.    
“NO”.  Here is a summary of the best arguments and evidence to the contrary:
Mormon theology takes us further than any other religion or philosophy in terms of what we can know and the depth and intimacy with which we can know it, but even with the Mormon methodology of seeking, reading, meditating, praying and receiving personal revelation…even this methodology cannot get us an answer to this question….it is like the event horizon of faith.  We cannot, at least not in our mortal frame & framework, get pass or see beyond it.  Like a star or galaxy moving away from us at a speed greater than the speed of light, we will never be able to detect it or “know” it. There is in fact hints in the scriptures that God does intentionally deceive “that it might work upon the hearts of the children of men” so they are more motivated to repent (see D&C 19). There is a veil over our spirit and intellect that prevents us from obtaining this type of absolute knowledge. It may be that we can only have absolute certain knowledge when we have comprehended all things.  Because truth is one great whole, it cannot be fully understood in independent pieces.  To borrow from Pres. Uchtdorf’s talk, we cannot comprehend what elephant is until we can comprehend every part of the elephant.  And this type of knowledge is only possible in a state of godhood. And then there were also responses like, “No”, but why worry about it, since you can’t do anything about it.  Or, “No”, but if God does lie occasionally it is probably for good benevolent fatherly reasons.  My conclusion:  In a mortal state it is impossible to know with absolute certainty that God does not lie.  There may be some inescapable truth of reality that will horrify and terrorize us, but we can’t do anything about, so no need to worry about it.  Mormon theology provides the most consistent, rational and evidential argument for an intimate, benevolent Heavenly Father whose every action is for our welfare.  I will continue to hold to that belief even if I can never know for certain in this life.
 

You've asked multiple questions, so I'm making a secondary post on this question.  I think that you are missing something.  There is a PURPOSE to the plan of salvation, and there is a PURPOSE for this mortal life.  This purpose is for us to show whether we will choose good or evil and to have joy (as per the scriptures above).
Now, the following is my personal thoughts rather than from scripture.
In eternity things are set and unchangeable to a degree.  That means things that can be done in mortality cannot be done in eternity.  Eternity is where things are set in stone, things are unchanging and time does not exist.  By this, I mean certain covenants and other articles we need for exaltation cannot be achieved in the eternities.  Thus, it is in this mortality where sealings are needed to be done, baptism and all other ordinances are needed to be completed in this world rather than the next.  This is why we do temple work.  This life sets the stage for where we will be in the next.
In this same light, because of the malleability of our souls in this mortal life, we also are faced with challenges that will determine whether we choose the light or the darkness.  It is here that the TRUE nature of ourselves, without the knowledge of what our life was prior to influence us, can be seen.  IF our nature is to be those who would follow the Lord, then it will be shown in our nature here.  If our true nature is to choose darkness, it will also be seen here. 
Finally, we also can obtain control over these physical bodies we have in our desires.  IF we choose to follow the light we can gain self mastery and control via lessons that we probably have determined we wished to go through in the life prior.  If we choose darkness we can allow ourselves to experiences that which may not bring us happiness even if it brings us a temporary feeling of exhilaration or other temporary feeling. 
Thus, this mortality is essential for us to get our ordinances completed and to gain bodies.  Not all will have the challenges of this world and die shortly after birth, but they still gain that short period of joy or pain or both as well as an opportunity at that point for the atonement and it's ensuing coverage of the ordinances to be an effect upon them and their exaltation.  For the rest of us, it is a proving period, not just to the Lord, but to ourselves and for us to gain knowledge and experience as well as the saving ordinances and to make choices.  We also can become like the Lord in the temple and perform the saving ordinances for others so that they can gain the full benefits possible for this life.